Paradigm ideas: what shipped
Paradigm’s research team has spent five years publishing DeFi mechanism-design proposals — some of which became products used by millions of people, and some of which remain unread-outside-crypto-Twitter essays. This page tracks 27 of those ideas against what each topic page on this site actually documents as having shipped, using only what that page’s §5 (“Where it’s used”) and §9 (“What changed since”) sections state. Where no page confirms a production deployment, the status reads unshipped rather than assuming one exists.
Status key: Live — a real, currently-operating deployment exists. Partially adopted — shipped somewhere, but narrower or different from the original proposal. Superseded — shipped, then discontinued or overtaken by a different design. Unshipped — remains a research proposal or reference implementation with no confirmed production use.
| Paradigm idea (post, date) | What it proposed | What shipped, where, when | Status | Page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWAMM — White, Robinson, Adams, 2021-07-28 | Split a large order into infinitely many virtual trades against an embedded constant-product pool, filling near the time-weighted average price | Fraxswap shipped the first live TWAMM on a Uniswap v2 fork (June 2022); Uniswap v4’s 2024 whitepaper cites TWAMM as a canonical hook example, with a non-production example hook in v4-periphery | Partially adopted | /exchange/twamm/ |
| Gradual Dutch Auctions (GDA) and VRGDA — Paradigm, 2022-04 and 2022-08 | Price token issuance against a target schedule, raising or lowering price as sales run ahead of or behind it | Built for and used in Art Gobblers and the 0xMonaco game (2022); the schedule-targeting idea is now common vocabulary in NFT/token-launch mechanism design | Live | /exchange/bonding-curves-and-launches/ |
| GOO (Gradual Ownership Optimization) — Frankie, transmissions11, White, Paradigm, 2022-09-06 | (Cited only as a source in this site’s governance page; no page body describes what GOO proposed or where it shipped.) | No page on this site states a deployment | Unverified on site | /governance/governance-and-tokenomics/ |
| Blend — Robinson, transmissions11, Galaga, Toad, Pacman, Paradigm, 2023-05-01 | Peer-to-peer perpetual NFT lending that never computes a price — solvency and rates set by a continuous lender auction instead of an oracle | Implemented in production by Blur; BLUR token holders govern fee and auction parameters after a 180-day timelock | Live | /oracles/oracle-free-designs/ |
| pm-AMM — Moallemi, Robinson, Paradigm, 2024-11-05 | An AMM invariant that loses value to arbitrage at a constant, predictable rate, designed for prediction-market outcome tokens | No confirmed production deployment; Jupiter Forecast (launched 2026-06 on Solana) uses competing “Prop AMMs,” but no source confirms it uses the pm-AMM formula specifically | Unshipped | /exchange/prediction-market-amms/ |
| Orbital — Robinson, Moallemi, White, Paradigm, 2025-06-02 | Generalize Uniswap v3-style concentrated liquidity to pools of three to ten thousand stablecoins, using nested spherical ticks | No deployment reported as of 2026-08; Curve StableSwap-NG (up to eight tokens) remains the production multi-stable pool | Unshipped | /exchange/stable-pools/ |
| am-AMM — Adams, Moallemi, Reynolds, Robinson, arXiv 2024-02 (v4, 2025-02) | Auction off a pool’s management rights each period so the winning manager, not outside arbitrageurs, captures the value of pricing the pool correctly | Implemented as Bunni v2 (BidDog), an open-source production am-AMM on Uniswap v4 — later exploited for ~$8.4M in September 2025 via a rounding bug in its liquidity-distribution math, not the auction itself | Partially adopted | /exchange/v4-hooks-and-am-amm/ |
| Unichain — Uniswap Labs / OP Stack, referenced 2024-10 whitepaper onward | A single-sequencer L2 whose block builder runs inside a TEE, streaming sub-second “flashblocks” with verifiable ordering | TEE builder live on mainnet (May 2025); 200ms flashblocks shipped (August 2025); 100% of blocks TEE-built as of 2025-07 (Helius) | Live | /mev/based-rollups-and-preconfs/ |
| Across Prime — Lambur, Rice, Robinson, Paradigm, 2025-05-06 | A bonded upgrade to cross-chain fast bridging, trading capital efficiency against relayer trust | Across’s existing escrowed Hub-and-Spoke system remains the live production model (~1.5-hour Dataworker batching, as of 2026-08); Across Prime’s bonded design has no established live-deployment status in these sources | Unshipped | /cross-chain/intent-solvers/ |
| Tempo — Huang, Paradigm, 2025-09-04 | An independent, payments-first EVM L1 (built with Stripe) with stablecoin-denominated fees and no native volatile gas token | Mainnet launched March 2026, roughly six months after the announcement, with an initial permissioned validator set drawn from design partners | Live | /stablecoins/payments/ |
| Everlasting Options — White, Bankman-Fried, Paradigm, 2021-05-11 | An option that never expires, paying ongoing funding (mark − current payoff) instead of requiring a roll into a new expiry | Not found as a currently-live, widely-used production venue in any source reviewed; remains an influential pricing framework that shaped power perpetuals and “Everything Is A Perp” | Unshipped | /derivatives/power-perps-and-everlasting-options/ |
| Power Perpetuals — Robinson, White, Koticha, Leone, Gauba, Krishnan, Paradigm, 2021-08-17 | Pure convex exposure to index with no strike and no expiry, funded like a perpetual future | Opyn shipped the case as Squeeth (January 2022) — over $1.8 billion in cumulative traded exposure and 18,000+ users — before shutting it down in November 2024; no successor power-perpetual product with confirmed live volume was found afterward | Superseded | /derivatives/power-perps-and-everlasting-options/ |
| Floor perpetuals — same Power Perpetuals paper, Paradigm, 2021-08-17 | Let NFT holders mint a perpetual against a locked NFT to hedge floor-price risk without selling | No widely-adopted live implementation found; the paper itself flags that this depends on solving “index reliability and spot NFT floor liquidity” first | Unshipped | /derivatives/power-perps-and-everlasting-options/ |
| Multiverse Finance — Paradigm, 2025-05 | Turn conditional prediction-market outcomes into fully composable parallel financial systems | No production deployment found in sources reviewed as of 2026-08 | Unshipped | /derivatives/prediction-markets/ |
| Distribution Markets — White, Paradigm, 2024-12 | Extend market-scoring-rule mechanics to continuous-outcome events via a constant--norm AMM over probability distributions | No production deployment found in sources reviewed as of 2026-08 | Unshipped | /exchange/prediction-market-amms/ |
| Quantum Markets — Yukseloglu, Larbi, Paradigm, 2025-06-12 | Let unlimited competing proposals share one pool of trading capital, via shared tradable credit instead of fixed collateral per proposal | Paradigm published Solidity and Solana/SVM reference implementations, both explicitly flagged as not intended for production use; MetaDAO (a separate, prior-art Solana futarchy protocol the paper itself cites) is live, but implements a different mechanism | Unshipped | /derivatives/prediction-markets/ |
| Opportunity Markets — Paradigm, 2025-08 | Let a sponsor privately crowdsource scouting for an opportunity without leaking its interest to competitors | No production deployment found in sources reviewed as of 2026-08 | Unshipped | /derivatives/prediction-markets/ |
| Yield Protocol — Paradigm, 2020-04-01 | Discover fixed interest rates by trading maturity-dated yTokens, the same way a bond market discovers a price | Live historically as the originator of market-discovered fixed rates on Ethereum; the idea’s modern implementation is Morpho Midnight (2026-05), which cites Yield Protocol directly as an influence | Superseded (idea carried forward) | /lending/interest-rate-models/ |
| Governance Minimization — Ehrsam, Paradigm, 2020-10-28 | Protocols should formally vote on as little as possible, locking important rules into immutable code instead | Ethereum’s base layer “has stayed governance-minimized in exactly the way Ehrsam predicted”; application-layer DAOs (Uniswap, Compound, Curve) went the opposite direction, and Uniswap only activated its long-dormant fee switch in December 2025 — five years after the mechanism existed | Partially adopted | /governance/governance-and-tokenomics/ |
| “Everything Is A Perp” — Robinson, Clark, Leone, Paradigm, 2024-03-06 | Unify stablecoins (a 0-perp), margined futures (a 1-perp), and constant-product AMM LP positions (a 0.5-perp) under one funding-payment framework | Not a product to ship — a conceptual/pricing framework; oracle-pool perp venues (GMX, Jupiter Perps/JLP) becoming the dominant retail perp design since 2024 is cited as consistent with the framework, not caused by it | Framework adopted, not a product | /derivatives/perpetual-futures/ |
| Intent-Based Architectures and Their Risks (“Intents post”) — Konstantopoulos, Kilbourn, Paradigm, 2023-06-01 | Warn that outsourcing trade execution to intents risks recreating order-flow centralization around whichever solver network wins | UniswapX launched a month later (July 2023) with permissionless fillers; CoW Protocol, 1inch Fusion and Across all extended the intents model; on Solana, JupiterZ made RFQ the default execution path for all Jupiter swaps (December 2024) | Live | /exchange/rfq-and-intents/ |
| Priority Is All You Need — Robinson, White, Paradigm, 2024-06-04 | Let an application directly tax the MEV revealed by competitive priority-fee ordering, instead of running a Dutch auction | Implemented on Unichain and other OP Stack chains via TEE-enforced priority ordering (2025); this site’s own Solana MEV page states Solana’s ordering cannot yet support MEV taxes this way | Partially adopted | /mev/order-flow-auctions/ |
| Leaderless Auctions — Paradigm, 2024-02-13 | Remove a block leader’s “free option” to bid last, using threshold-encrypted bids gossiped among participants | Designed for and used in Angstrom’s top-of-block auction; suggested but not adopted for ePBS, UniswapX/MEV-Share, or L2 sequencers | Partially adopted | /mev/mev-burn-tickets-focil-timing/ |
| How to Remove the Relay — Paradigm, 2024-10-08 | Use threshold encryption to the attester committee so builders can send blocks to proposers directly, removing the trusted relay | Remains a research proposal as of 2026-08; Ethereum’s enshrined-PBS track (EIP-7732), a different design, is the one actually scheduled for the Glamsterdam fork | Unshipped | /mev/pbs-and-epbs/ |
| From Staking to Restaking — Balaji, Konstantopoulos, White, Paradigm, 2024-06-11 | Symbiotic: a generalized restaking protocol accepting any ERC-20 collateral, positioned as complementary to EigenLayer’s ETH-centric design | Symbiotic is live; EigenLayer itself later redesigned its own slashing mechanism (ELIP-002) toward a more Symbiotic-like, network-isolated “unique stake” model | Live | /staking/restaking/ |
| Analysis of EIP-1559 — Konstantopoulos, Hasu, Paradigm, 2020-06-10 | The economic case for a protocol-set, algorithmically-adjusted base fee that is burned, plus a separate tip to the block producer | EIP-1559 went live in Ethereum’s London upgrade (August 2021, 15M target/30M limit); extended by EIP-4844 blobs (March 2024), Pectra (May 2025) and Fusaka (December 2025) | Live | /foundations/fee-markets/ |
What this table shows
Section titled “What this table shows”Of the 27 ideas tracked here, roughly a third are live in some real, currently-operating deployment (TWAMM via Fraxswap, GDA/VRGDA, Blend, Unichain, Tempo, the Intents post’s UniswapX/CoW/Fusion/JupiterZ lineage, From Staking to Restaking, and EIP-1559 itself). A similar fraction remain purely unshipped research as of 2026-08 — Orbital, pm-AMM, Across Prime, everlasting options, floor perpetuals, Multiverse Finance, Distribution Markets, Quantum Markets, Opportunity Markets, and Removing the Relay all have no production deployment any page on this site confirms, despite several being one to two years old. The remainder are partially adopted (am-AMM via Bunni v2, Priority Is All You Need via Unichain/OP Stack, Leaderless Auctions via Angstrom) or superseded — power perpetuals shipped, worked, and were discontinued anyway (Squeeth, November 2024), while Yield Protocol’s fixed-rate idea outlived its own original implementation to reappear inside Morpho Midnight six years later.
The pattern worth noticing: ideas that shipped fastest were the ones that only needed one team’s buy-in (Fraxswap adopting TWAMM, Blur adopting Blend, Uniswap Labs building UniswapX). Ideas that required a protocol-level consensus change — removing a relay, enshrining an auction mechanism, restructuring a stablecoin’s collateral base — are exactly the ones still sitting in the unshipped column years later, regardless of how well-argued the original essay was.